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(not rational)

  • 1 Not Rational Anymore

    Jocular: NRA

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Not Rational Anymore

  • 2 rational

    مَعْقُول \ fair: good, but not very good: His exam marks were only fair. rational: (of people) able to reason properly; (of ideas and behaviour) sensible; according to reason: a rational explanation; a rational thing to do. reasonable: fair: a reasonable demand; a reasonable amount (not too much or too little). respectable: of fairly large size or fairly good quality, etc.: He sold his house for quite a respectable sum. sane: sensible, reasonable: a sane idea. sensible: wise; having or showing good sense; suitable: Sensible people wear sensible clothes for climbing mountains.

    Arabic-English glossary > rational

  • 3 rational

    عَاقِل \ rational: (of people) able to reason properly; (of ideas and behaviour) sensible; according to reason: a rational explanation; a rational thing to do. sane: not mad. wise: having good judgement; sensible: Wise people lock their doors at night. \ See Also حكيم (حَكيم)، سَليم العقل

    Arabic-English glossary > rational

  • 4 rational

    [ˈraʃənl] adjective
    1) able to think, reason and judge etc:

    Man is a rational animal.

    عاقِل، قادِر على التَّفْكير
    2) sensible; reasonable; logical; not (over-) influenced by emotions etc:
    مَعْقول، مَنْطِقي

    Arabic-English dictionary > rational

  • 5 Not-Uniform Rational B-Spline

    Abbreviation: NURBS

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Not-Uniform Rational B-Spline

  • 6 нерационален

    irrational, not rational
    (непрактичен) impractical; not practical; not businesslike
    * * *
    нерациона̀лен,
    прил., -на, -но, -ни irrational, not rational; ( непрактичен) impractical; not practical; not businesslike.
    * * *
    1. (непрактичен) impractical;not practical; not businesslike 2. irrational, not rational

    Български-английски речник > нерационален

  • 7 Mythical Thinking

       Mythical Thinking Is Not Rational Analysis but Rather the Captivating of Consciousness
       Mythical thinking... does not dispose freely over the data of intuition, in order to relate and compare them to each other, but is captivated and enthralled by the intuition which suddenly confronts it. It comes to rest in the immediate experience; the sensible present is so great that everything else dwindles before it. For a person whose apprehension is under the spell of this... attitude, it is as though the whole world were simply annihilated; the immediate content, whatever it be, commands his... interest so completely that nothing else can exist beside and apart from it. The ego is spending all its energy in this single object, lives in it, loses itself in it. (Cassirer, 1946, pp. 32-33)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mythical Thinking

  • 8 нет смысла этим заниматься

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > нет смысла этим заниматься

  • 9 urasjonell

    adj. not rational, inefficient

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > urasjonell

  • 10 нерациональный

    irrational, not rational, unpractical

    Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > нерациональный

  • 11 рациональные ожидания

    Объявление двух цен, доминирующих в отсутствие обязательств, не повлияло бы на поведение потребителей, так как, по нашему предположению, в случае отсутствия обязательств их ожидания рациональны. — The consumers' behavior would not be affected by the announcement of the two prices prevailing where there is no commitment, because, under our assumption, they have rational expectations under no commitment.

    ожидания, самореализованные или рациональные — self-fulfilled or rational expectations

    Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > рациональные ожидания

  • 12 Psychoanalysis

       [Psychoanalysis] seeks to prove to the ego that it is not even master in its own house, but must content itself with scanty information of what is going on unconsciously in the mind. (Freud, 1953-1974, Vol. 16, pp. 284-285)
       Although in the interview the analyst is supposedly a "passive" auditor of the "free association" narration by the subject, in point of fact the analyst does direct the course of the narrative. This by itself does not necessarily impair the evidential worth of the outcome, for even in the most meticulously conducted laboratory experiment the experimenter intervenes to obtain the data he is after. There is nevertheless the difficulty that in the nature of the case the full extent of the analyst's intervention is not a matter that is open to public scrutiny, so that by and large one has only his own testimony as to what transpires in the consulting room. It is perhaps unnecessary to say that this is not a question about the personal integrity of psychoanalytic practitioners. The point is the fundamental one that no matter how firmly we may resolve to make explicit our biases, no human being is aware of all of them, and that objectivity in science is achieved through the criticism of publicly accessible material by a community of independent inquirers.... Moreover, unless data are obtained under carefully standardized circumstances, or under different circumstances whose dependence on known variables is nevertheless established, even an extensive collection of data is an unreliable basis for inference. To be sure, analysts apparently do attempt to institute standard conditions for the conduct of interviews. But there is not much information available on the extent to which the standardization is actually enforced, or whether it relates to more than what may be superficial matters. (E. Nagel, 1959, pp. 49-50)
       3) No Necessary Incompatibility between Psychoanalysis and Certain Religious Formulations
       here would seem to be no necessary incompatibility between psychoanalysis and those religious formulations which locate God within the self. One could, indeed, argue that Freud's Id (and even more Groddeck's It), the impersonal force within which is both the core of oneself and yet not oneself, and from which in illness one become[s] alienated, is a secular formation of the insight which makes religious people believe in an immanent God. (Ryecroft, 1966, p. 22)
       Freudian analysts emphasized that their theories were constantly verified by their "clinical observations."... It was precisely this fact-that they always fitted, that they were always confirmed-which in the eyes of their admirers constituted the strongest argument in favour of these theories. It began to dawn on me that this apparent strength was in fact their weakness.... It is easy to obtain confirmations or verifications, for nearly every theory-if we look for confirmation. (Popper, 1968, pp. 3435)
       5) Psychoanalysis Is Not a Science But Rather the Interpretation of a Narrated History
       Psychoanalysis does not satisfy the standards of the sciences of observation, and the "facts" it deals with are not verifiable by multiple, independent observers.... There are no "facts" nor any observation of "facts" in psychoanalysis but rather the interpretation of a narrated history. (Ricoeur, 1974, p. 186)
       6) Some of the Qualities of a Scientific Approach Are Possessed by Psychoanalysis
       In sum: psychoanalysis is not a science, but it shares some of the qualities associated with a scientific approach-the search for truth, understanding, honesty, openness to the import of the observation and evidence, and a skeptical stance toward authority. (Breger, 1981, p. 50)
       [Attributes of Psychoanalysis:]
       1. Psychic Determinism. No item in mental life and in conduct and behavior is "accidental"; it is the outcome of antecedent conditions.
       2. Much mental activity and behavior is purposive or goal-directed in character.
       3. Much of mental activity and behavior, and its determinants, is unconscious in character. 4. The early experience of the individual, as a child, is very potent, and tends to be pre-potent over later experience. (Farrell, 1981, p. 25)
       Our sceptic may be unwise enough... to maintain that, because analytic theory is unscientific on his criterion, it is not worth discussing. This step is unwise, because it presupposes that, if a study is not scientific on his criterion, it is not a rational enterprise... an elementary and egregious mistake. The scientific and the rational are not co-extensive. Scientific work is only one form that rational inquiry can take: there are many others. (Farrell, 1981, p. 46)
       Psychoanalysts have tended to write as though the term analysis spoke for itself, as if the statement "analysis revealed" or "it was analyzed as" preceding a clinical assertion was sufficient to establish the validity of what was being reported. An outsider might easily get the impression from reading the psychoanalytic literature that some standardized, generally accepted procedure existed for both inference and evidence. Instead, exactly the opposite has been true. Clinical material in the hands of one analyst can lead to totally different "findings" in the hands of another. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 128)
       The analytic process-the means by which we arrive at psychoanalytic understanding-has been largely neglected and is poorly understood, and there has been comparatively little interest in the issues of inference and evidence. Indeed, psychoanalysts as a group have not recognized the importance of being bound by scientific constraints. They do not seem to understand that a possibility is only that-a possibility-and that innumerable ways may exist to explain the same data. Psychoanalysts all too often do not seem to distinguish hypotheses from facts, nor do they seem to understand that hypotheses must be tested in some way, that criteria for evidence must exist, and that any given test for any hypothesis must allow for the full range of substantiation/refutation. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 129)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychoanalysis

  • 13 vernünftig

    I Adj.
    1. (vernunftgemäß, angemessen) reasonable; (verständig) sensible; (besonnen) level-headed; er ist ganz vernünftig auch he’s got his head screwed on the right way umg.; sonst ist er ganz vernünftig usually he’s quite decent; kein vernünftiges Wort mit jemandem sprechen können not be able to have a sensible conversation with s.o.; jeder vernünftige Mensch anyone with a bit of sense; stärker: anyone in his right mind; du wirst schon noch vernünftig werden you’ll come to your senses; sei doch vernünftig! be reasonable!, be sensible!; das Vernünftigste wäre gewesen zu... the most sensible thing would have been to...
    2. Argumente etc.: rational
    3. umg. (ordentlich) decent; (angemessen) proper; etwas Vernünftiges zu essen / trinken something proper to eat / drink; er soll erst mal etwas Vernünftiges lernen first of all he should learn to do a proper job
    II Adv.
    1. sensibly; vernünftig reden talk sense ( mit to); eine Sache vernünftig angehen be sensible about s.th.
    2. umg. (richtig, ordentlich) properly; vernünftig essen auch eat sensibly; zieh dich mal vernünftig an! put something sensible on!, put on some proper clothes!; setz dich vernünftig hin! zu Kind: sit down properly!;
    vernünftigerweise
    Adv.: vernünftigerweise etw. tun be sensible enough ( oder have the good sense) to do s.th.
    * * *
    reasonable; sensible; rational; wise; judicious; level-headed; prudent; decent; thinking; sane
    * * *
    ver|nụ̈nf|tig [fɛɐ'nʏnftɪç]
    1. adj
    sensible; (= logisch denkend) rational; (inf) (= ordentlich, anständig) decent; (= annehmbar) reasonable
    2. adv
    sensibly; (= logisch) rationally; (inf) (= anständig, ordentlich) decently; (= annehmbar) reasonably; (= tüchtig) properly (inf)
    * * *
    1) (sensible; reasonable; logical; not (over-) influenced by emotions etc: There must be a rational explanation for those strange noises) rational
    2) (wise; having or showing good judgement: She's a sensible, reliable person; a sensible suggestion.) sensible
    3) ((of clothes etc) practical rather than attractive or fashionable: She wears flat, sensible shoes.) sensible
    4) (sensible: a reasonable suggestion.) reasonable
    5) (sensible: a very sane person.) sane
    * * *
    ver·nünf·tig
    [fɛɐ̯ˈnʏnftɪç]
    I. adj
    1. (einsichtig) reasonable, sensible
    2. (einleuchtend) reasonable, sensible
    3. (fam) proper, decent
    \vernünftige Preise decent [or reasonable] prices
    II. adv (fam) properly, decently
    * * *
    1.
    2) (ugs.): (ordentlich, richtig) decent
    2.
    2) (ugs.): (ordentlich, richtig) <talk, eat> properly; < dress> sensibly
    * * *
    A. adj
    1. (vernunftgemäß, angemessen) reasonable; (verständig) sensible; (besonnen) level-headed;
    er ist ganz vernünftig auch he’s got his head screwed on the right way umg;
    sonst ist er ganz vernünftig usually he’s quite decent;
    kein vernünftiges Wort mit jemandem sprechen können not be able to have a sensible conversation with sb;
    jeder vernünftige Mensch anyone with a bit of sense; stärker: anyone in his right mind;
    du wirst schon noch vernünftig werden you’ll come to your senses;
    sei doch vernünftig! be reasonable!, be sensible!;
    das Vernünftigste wäre gewesen zu … the most sensible thing would have been to …
    2. Argumente etc: rational
    3. umg (ordentlich) decent; (angemessen) proper;
    etwas Vernünftiges zu essen/trinken something proper to eat/drink;
    er soll erst mal etwas Vernünftiges lernen first of all he should learn to do a proper job
    B. adv
    1. sensibly;
    vernünftig reden talk sense (
    mit to);
    eine Sache vernünftig angehen be sensible about sth
    2. umg (richtig, ordentlich) properly;
    vernünftig essen auch eat sensibly;
    zieh dich mal vernünftig an! put something sensible on!, put on some proper clothes!;
    setz dich vernünftig hin! zu Kind: sit down properly!;
    * * *
    1.
    2) (ugs.): (ordentlich, richtig) decent
    2.
    2) (ugs.): (ordentlich, richtig) <talk, eat> properly; < dress> sensibly
    * * *
    adj.
    judicious adj.
    rational adj.
    reasonable adj.
    sensible adj.
    sound adj. adv.
    judiciously adv.
    rationally adv.
    reasonably adv.
    sensibly adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > vernünftig

  • 14 rationnel

    c black rationnel, -elle [ʀasjɔnεl]
    adjective
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit avec un seul n et se termine par -al.
    * * *

    1.
    - elle ʀasjɔnɛl adjectif rational

    2.
    nom masculin
    1) Mathématique rational number
    * * *
    ʀasjɔnɛl adj rationnel, -le
    * * *
    A adj rational.
    B nm
    1 Math rational number;
    2 Philos le rationnel the rational.
    ( féminin rationnelle) [rasjɔnɛl] adjectif
    1. MATHÉMATIQUES & PHILOSOPHIE rational
    2. [sensé] rational

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > rationnel

  • 15 nüchtern

    I Adj.
    1. (Ggs. betrunken) sober; wieder nüchtern werden sober up; vollkommen nüchtern umg. stone cold sober
    2. auf nüchternen Magen on an empty stomach; das war ein Schreck auf nüchternen Magen that took me completely by surprise; ich war nüchtern I hadn’t eaten anything; kommen Sie bitte nüchtern MED. please don’t eat or drink anything before you come
    3. Einrichtung, Bau etc.: functional, austere; Kleidung etc.: sober; Wand: cold, bare
    4. Einstellung, Urteil etc.: sober; weitS. (sachlich) Person, Einschätzung etc.: rational, down-to-earth; Tatsachen: plain, bare
    II Adv. soberly; weitS. (sachlich) matter-of-factly; nüchtern denkend realistic, sober (-minded); nüchtern betrachtet seen in a sober light
    * * *
    sober; hardheaded; level-headed; jejune; unemotional; temperate; abstemious; matter-of-fact
    * * *
    nụ̈ch|tern ['nʏçtɐn]
    1. adj
    1)

    (ohne Essen) der Patient muss nüchtern sein — the patient must have an empty stomach

    eine Medizin nüchtern einnehmen — to take a medicine on an empty stomach

    mit nüchternem/auf nüchternen Magen — with/on an empty stomach

    2) (= nicht betrunken) sober
    3) (= sachlich, vernünftig) down-to-earth no adv, rational; Zahlen, Tatsachen bare, plain
    4) (= schmucklos) sober
    2. adv
    1) (= sachlich) unemotionally, objectively
    2)

    (= schlicht) nüchtern gestaltete Räume — soberly decorated rooms

    nüchtern graue Wände — bare grey (Brit) or gray (US) walls

    * * *
    1) (practical; shrewd; not influenced by emotion: a hard-headed businessman.) hard-headed
    2) (practical and not concerned with theories, ideals etc: She is a sensible, down-to-earth person.) down-to-earth
    3) (calm and sensible.) level-headed
    5) (not drunk: He was still sober when he left.) sober
    6) (serious in mind: a sober mood.) sober
    7) ((of colour) not bright: She wore a sober (grey) dress.) sober
    8) (moderate; not overdone or too emotional: His account of the accident was factual and sober.) sober
    * * *
    nüch·tern
    [ˈnʏçtɐn]
    1. (mit leerem Magen) empty-stomached
    ▪ \nüchtern sein with an empty stomach; s.a. Magen
    2. (nicht betrunken) sober
    3. (realitätsbewusst) sober, down-to-earth
    eine \nüchterne Einschätzung a level-headed assessment
    4. (bloß) sober, bare, plain, austere
    * * *
    1.
    2) (mit leerem Magen)

    auf nüchternen Magen rauchen — smoke on an empty stomach

    3) (realistisch) sober; sober, matter-of-fact <account, assessment, question, etc.>; bare < figures>
    4) (schmucklos, streng) austere; bare < room>; unadorned, bare < walls>; (ungeschminkt) bare, plain < fact>
    2.
    1) (realistisch) soberly
    2) (schmucklos, streng) austerely
    * * *
    A. adj
    1. (Ggs betrunken) sober;
    vollkommen nüchtern umg stone cold sober
    2.
    auf nüchternen Magen on an empty stomach;
    das war ein Schreck auf nüchternen Magen that took me completely by surprise;
    ich war nüchtern I hadn’t eaten anything;
    kommen Sie bitte nüchtern MED please don’t eat or drink anything before you come
    3. Einrichtung, Bau etc: functional, austere; Kleidung etc: sober; Wand: cold, bare
    4. Einstellung, Urteil etc: sober; weitS. (sachlich) Person, Einschätzung etc: rational, down-to-earth; Tatsachen: plain, bare
    B. adv soberly; weitS. (sachlich) matter-of-factly;
    nüchtern denkend realistic, sober(-minded);
    nüchtern betrachtet seen in a sober light
    * * *
    1.
    3) (realistisch) sober; sober, matter-of-fact <account, assessment, question, etc.>; bare < figures>
    4) (schmucklos, streng) austere; bare < room>; unadorned, bare < walls>; (ungeschminkt) bare, plain < fact>
    2.
    1) (realistisch) soberly
    2) (schmucklos, streng) austerely
    * * *
    adj.
    bald adj.
    banal adj.
    bland adj.
    colourless adj.
    drab adj.
    jejune adj.
    mundane adj.
    sober adj.
    unemotional adj. adv.
    jejunely adv.
    soberly adv.
    unemotionally adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > nüchtern

  • 16 Philosophy

       And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)
       Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)
       As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)
       It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)
       Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)
       I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)
       What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.
       This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).
       The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....
       Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)
       8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science
       In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)
       Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....
       Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)
       In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy

  • 17 معقوف

    مَعْقوف \ crooked: not straight; bent: a crooked line; a crooked stick. \ مَعْقُول \ fair: good, but not very good: His exam marks were only fair. rational: (of people) able to reason properly; (of ideas and behaviour) sensible; according to reason: a rational explanation; a rational thing to do. reasonable: fair: a reasonable demand; a reasonable amount (not too much or too little). respectable: of fairly large size or fairly good quality, etc.: He sold his house for quite a respectable sum. sane: sensible, reasonable: a sane idea. sensible: wise; having or showing good sense; suitable: Sensible people wear sensible clothes for climbing mountains.

    Arabic-English dictionary > معقوف

  • 18 raisonnable

    c black raisonnable [ʀεzɔnabl]
    adjective
       a. ( = sensé) [personne, solution, conduite] reasonable ; [conseil, opinion, propos] sensible
    • est-ce bien raisonnable ? (humorous) is it wise?
    c black   b. ( = décent) reasonable
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit - ea- et avec un seul n.
    * * *
    ʀɛzɔnabl
    1) ( pas trop élevé) [prix, distance, délais] reasonable; [consommation, natalité] moderate
    2) ( mesuré) [personne, objectif] reasonable; [politique, enthousiasme] moderate
    3) ( sensé) [personne, idée] sensible
    4) ( doué de raison) rational
    * * *
    ʀɛzɔnabl adj
    1) PHILOSOPHIE (= doué de raison) rational
    2) (= réfléchi) reasonable, sensible

    Elle est très raisonnable pour son âge. — She's very sensible for her age.

    3) (somme, quantité) reasonable
    * * *
    1 ( pas trop élevé) [prix, distance] reasonable; [consommation, natalité] moderate; ils vendent des voitures à des prix raisonnables the cars they sell are reasonably priced, they sell cars at reasonable prices;
    2 ( mesuré) [personne, objectif] reasonable; [politique, enthousiasme] moderate;
    3 ( sensé) [personne, idée, solution] sensible; sortir avec de la fièvre, est-ce bien raisonnable? is it really sensible to go out when you're running a temperature?; à ce prix, est-ce bien raisonnable? is it sensible at that price?; il est/n'est pas raisonnable de faire it is/isn't sensible to do; les délais paraissent raisonnables the deadlines seem reasonable;
    4 Philos ( doué de raison) rational; un être raisonnable a rational being.
    [rɛzɔnabl] adjectif
    1. [sensé - personne, solution, décision] sensible
    2. [normal, naturel] reasonable
    il est raisonnable de penser que... it's reasonable to think that...
    3. [acceptable - prix, taux, heure] reasonable ; [ - salaire] decent
    4. [doué de raison] rational

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > raisonnable

  • 19 fair

    مَعْقُول \ fair: good, but not very good: His exam marks were only fair. rational: (of people) able to reason properly; (of ideas and behaviour) sensible; according to reason: a rational explanation; a rational thing to do. reasonable: fair: a reasonable demand; a reasonable amount (not too much or too little). respectable: of fairly large size or fairly good quality, etc.: He sold his house for quite a respectable sum. sane: sensible, reasonable: a sane idea. sensible: wise; having or showing good sense; suitable: Sensible people wear sensible clothes for climbing mountains.

    Arabic-English glossary > fair

  • 20 reasonable

    مَعْقُول \ fair: good, but not very good: His exam marks were only fair. rational: (of people) able to reason properly; (of ideas and behaviour) sensible; according to reason: a rational explanation; a rational thing to do. reasonable: fair: a reasonable demand; a reasonable amount (not too much or too little). respectable: of fairly large size or fairly good quality, etc.: He sold his house for quite a respectable sum. sane: sensible, reasonable: a sane idea. sensible: wise; having or showing good sense; suitable: Sensible people wear sensible clothes for climbing mountains.

    Arabic-English glossary > reasonable

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